Wednesday, August 15, 2012

Impact of modernization on religious practices




I prefer not to miss my routine evening walk because it is not only good for my health but also it gives new experiences every day. Recently it turned into a very special learning occasion for me on Shree Krishna Janmashtami day. There was a festive mood all around. Families, friends and relatives were going to nearby temples in groups. Devotional songs were being played through loud speakers as a spiritual atmosphere prevailed in the place. A small Krishna Mandir is situated on my way. Since there was lesser crowd I thought of going in there.

Overwhelmed artificiality
The devotees had squattered on the floor. There was a singer singing with a key board with a tabla artist to accompany him.  Mikes were given full volume so that nothing else could be heard. All devotees were clapping with lifted hands to the tune of music. Everybody was busy in following the song that the main singer was singing. The idol of Lord Krishna was decorated wonderfully with so many silver and golden coloured foils and other shining artificial materials. They were glowing with LED (Light Emitting Diode) bulbs and focus lights. But no original oil lamp was seen anywhere!
Having my roots in village India my mind rolled back to the past. Traditionally people were decorating the idols of god with variety of original flowers. Many oil lamps were lit which brightened the decorated idol. Bhajans were sung by all in the group line by line as some one with good voice pronounced the lines loudly. But today in cities the life is overwhelmed with artificial things. As flowers became costly, the artificial flowers have replaced them. However, the concept of decorating the lord is still continued with a change in the material. So, whatever is the matter, Bhakti is important.

Biscuits and Chocolates
While the bhajans went on and the devotees were engrossed in bhakti there started the process of distribution of prasaadam. A lady started distributing small packets of Parle-G biscuits. Every one held their hands out to get them. Then came the coffee-bytes!!! The priest started throwing something from near the feet of the idol and to my surprise they were chocolates. People started jumping to get the flying chocolates. Instead of bhajans I heard the shrills “one for me”, “I didn’t get”, “throw one here” etc. I didn’t get any as I was sitting in the last row and no chocolates reached there. Now it was the turn of pens to fly!! A lady devotee had brought some pens and they were thrown towards the crowd. Same jubilant response from the devotees and same fate for me!!  No chocolates, no pens but no regrets. It was good to observe the new dimension of Krishna’s worship from the back of the crowd.
Later bananas and mosambis were distributed by the organizers. Then the most precious and auspicious prasaada followed! It was a mixture of dahi (curd), butter, crystal sugar and poha. It is believed that lord Krishna liked dahi, butter and poha very much. So it is very sacred for devotees of Krishna. It was really delicious. Then an old lady came distributing currency notes of Rs. 10 to everybody who was present there. My mind went down the lane of memory when I was a kid aged 5 or 6 years. I remembered the days when I was eager to take one rupee coin which was distributed during ritual functions like marriage ceremony etc. Giving cash in the name of ‘dakshine’ to all those who attended the function was a tradition. In those days one rupee coin was a great thing. Now, the time has passed and Rs. 10 note has replaced the Re. 1 coin. In fact, the tradition has continued with changed material value.

Continuity and change
In a sociological sense, all these things can be explained as continuity and change. The traditional beliefs and rituals are being continued. But the things are replaced by the available new materials. In the earlier times, lamps with oil were the only means of glowing the sculpture of the Lord. But with the availability of LEDs, halogens, the means of brightening the idol are changed. People feel it easy to glow LEDs by switching on the plug instead of struggling with the oil lamps which needs frequent tending of the flame. On a lighter note, we may say oil has become expensive than LEDs!!
Just a few decades back people used harmonium as accompanying instrument while singing bhajans. It has been now replaced by ‘key-board’ with the advancement of technology. Most innovative idea is the addition to the form of prasadam. Even the packed items like biscuits, chocolates and pens have been considered as prasaada and have got validated to get that sanctity!! Thus the process of distributing prasaada is continued though the form of prasaada is changed due to availability of the modern and ready made materials. One need not wonder if the ‘teertha’ (holy water) gets replaced in the future by coca-cola or pepsi due to their ready availability!!  

Social integration
            Mangalaarathi was over. Fortunately it was with original lamp and not with the LED aarathi which is available in the market! People started leaving the place and I too wore my footwear to continue walking. Mind started wandering with thoughts. Sociology refers to the concepts of continuity and change. Is this the same? Can this be evidence to it? Well, after all with such continuity of collective worship and changes in using modern materials, whether the purpose of festivals is really served? The main purpose of Tilak, the fighter for Swaraaj, who started the public ‘Ganeshotsava’ in Maharashtra was not to popularise religion but to bring social integration among the people and harmony in the society. But has it been achieved through collective worships is a curious question. In fact, here too, apparently I didn’t see the difference between poor or rich, high or low caste anywhere in the whole gathering. Everyone was the devotee of Lord Krishna and was sitting in the group.  But how long this sense of unity and equality will remain in their consciousness? Is it only till they come out of that mandir? Unfortunately yes. Soon after their exit from the shrine they adorn their class and caste differences. BMWs, Skodas, Toyotas etc. crawl down to pick the rich where as the poor continues to walk with torn slippers!! Still I would prefer to look at the event with positive perspective. I feel that people at least come out of their class and caste consciousness for some time at the place of worship. There were no separate rows for higher and lower castes or classes as it was found in the earlier times. Any one could sit anywhere and near any other. This is a small but significant change at the place of worship because the religion has sanctioned our social stratification. No doubt, at least temporarily they had pushed their class and caste differences to the subconscious mind.   It is really a positive change, though a very small step in achieving an egalitarian society. Social integration has to be attained through small changes like this leading to break the prejudices towards the people of poor and lower class and castes. 


Thank you Vaidehi akka, editor of Afternoonvoice http://afternoonvoice.com/ 

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